xov xwm

Los ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Tshuaj Mus Rau Cov Ntsiab Cai Ua Haujlwm: Nkag Siab Txog 1-methylcyclopropene

1-Methylcyclopropene(CAS No. 3100-04-7, luv ua 1-MCP). Los ntawm kev xam pom txog tshuaj lom neeg, 1-MCP yog ib qho tshuaj me me uas zoo li cov roj tsis muaj xim ntawm chav tsev kub. Nws cov qauv molecular yooj yim tab sis nws muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv lub cev - nws tuaj yeem "thaiv" qhov kev xa cov teeb liab ethylene hauv cov nroj tsuag.

Ethylene ua haujlwm zoo li "tus thawj coj kev siav" rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, ua kom lawv mos, tsis muaj xim thiab lwj. Cov qauv molecular ntawm 1-MCP zoo ib yam li ethylene thiab tuaj yeem khi rau cov receptors ethylene ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlwb cog ua ntej, tsim kom muaj "lub xeev thaiv" ruaj khov. Kev sib xyaw ua ke no zoo li muab "lub kaus mom kev nyab xeeb" rau ntawm ethylene receptor, tiv thaiv ethylene tiag tiag los ntawm kev xa cov cim siav thiab yog li ncua cov txheej txheem tom qab siav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.

Nws tsim nyog sau tseg tias 1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm "kev ua haujlwm siab thiab qis koob tshuaj". Cov ntaub ntawv sim qhia tau hais tias qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm tsuas yog 0.1 txog 1 microliter ib liter tuaj yeem tsim cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau feem ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Ntxiv mus, nws yooj yim lwj hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig thiab yuav tsis nyob hauv av lossis dej ntev, uas ua tau raws li qhov xav tau kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb ntsuab. Tam sim no, ntau tshaj 30 lub tebchaws thiab thaj chaw thoob ntiaj teb tau pom zoo nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Tuam Tshoj kuj tau suav nrog nws hauv pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob uas tso cai rau siv hauv "Tus Qauv Siv Khoom Noj Khoom Haus".

Ntau yam: Tus "Tus Saib Xyuas Kev Tshiab" los ntawm thaj teb mus rau lub rooj

Hauv kev siv tiag tiag, kev siv cov tshuaj1-MCP hmoovtau npog tag nrho cov saw hlau ntawm kev tsim txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, kev khaws cia, kev thauj mus los thiab kev muag khoom, dhau los ua tus "neeg saib xyuas kev khaws cia" tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom lag luam ua liaj ua teb.

Theem Khaws Cia: Ntev lub sijhawm tshiab thiab txo qhov poob

Yav dhau los, txawm tias cov txiv apples raug khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias tom qab sau qoob loo, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo yuav poob mus rau 70% tom qab ob lub hlis. Tam sim no, nrog kev kho mob 1-MCP, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau ntawm 92% tom qab 4 lub hlis. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, tom qab 1-Methylcyclopropene siv rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pectin xws li txiv apples thiab pears, lub sijhawm khaws cia nruab nrab tau ntev dua 2 txog 3 zaug, thiab qhov poob txhua xyoo tau txo qis ntau dua 3 lab tons.

Kev sib txuas lus thauj mus los: Ua kom dhau los ntawm "lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw txwv" thiab nthuav dav kev muag khoom

Nrog kev pab los ntawm 1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP thev naus laus zis, cov txiv nkhaus taw ntawm lub koom haum tau nkag mus rau hauv cov lag luam sab qaum teb xws li Heilongjiang thiab Jilin, nrog rau kev muag khoom txhua xyoo nce 40%. Hauv kev xa khoom tawm, lub luag haujlwm ntawm methylcyclopropene tseem ceeb dua. Thaum cov txiv ntoo Suav raug xa tawm mus rau cov tebchaws Esxias Qab Teb, tom qab kev kho mob 1-MCP, lub sijhawm khaws cia tau ntev los ntawm 3 hnub mus rau 10 hnub, thiab qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntim xa khoom tawm yog 25%.

Kev Muag Khoom: Tswj kev tshiab thiab txhim kho kev paub ntawm cov neeg siv khoom

Thaum nkag mus rau hauv ib lub khw muag khoom noj khoom haus, cov txiv kiwi, txiv pos nphuab, txiv avocado thiab lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas nyob rau ntawm cov txee puav leej muaj cim "1-MCP preservation treatment". Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub uas tau kho nrog1-Methylcyclopropenemuaj lub sijhawm khaws cia nruab nrab ntev dua 5 txog 7 hnub thiab tuaj yeem khaws cov saj zoo thiab zoo nkauj. Tsis yog tsuas yog cov khib nyiab tau txo qis xwb, tab sis cov neeg siv khoom kuj tuaj yeem yuav cov txiv pos nphuab tshiab dua, thiab tus nqi rov qab yuav tau nce 18%.

Yav tom ntej muaj kev cia siab: Kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm thev naus laus zis nthuav dav cov ciam teb ntawm daim ntawv thov

Nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, cov xwm txheej siv 1-MCP tseem niaj hnub nthuav dav. Ntxiv rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub uas ib txwm muaj, tam sim no nws tau siv tau zoo hauv kev khaws cia paj. Cov thev naus laus zis no tau txhawb nqa hauv cov paj txiav xws li carnations thiab lilies, ua rau txo qis kev poob paj thaum thauj thiab muag.

Lub caij no, txhawm rau txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv, lub tuam txhab kuj tau tsim ntau hom khoom 1-MCP. Ntxiv rau cov neeg sawv cev tso pa roj ib txwm muaj, cov khoom ruaj khov thiab cov khoom ntsiav tshuaj tau maj mam dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev ua lag luam. Cov khoom no tsis xav tau cov khoom siv tshaj lij, thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tuaj yeem siv lawv yooj yim hauv tsev.

1-Methylcyclopropenetsis yog tsuas yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv xwb tab sis kuj yog ib qho "kev txhawb nqa thev naus laus zis" rau kev txhawb nqa kev txhim kho kev ua liaj ua teb zoo. Yav tom ntej, kev txhawb nqa ntawm 1-MCP daim ntawv thov thev naus laus zis yuav raug txhawb nqa ntxiv, coj cov tuam txhab lag luam siv nws raws li tus qauv, yog li ntawd "kev txuag thev naus laus zis" no tuaj yeem pab tau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb cov nyiaj tau los nce ntxiv, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom lag luam ua liaj ua teb.

Puas yog 1-methylcyclopropene muaj kev nyab xeeb?

1-methylcyclopropene yog ib qho tshuaj lom tsawg thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev "preservation code". methylcyclopropene yog ib qho me me cyclic olefin uas yog ib qho roj tsis muaj xim ntawm chav tsev kub. Nws lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog "thaiv cov cim ethylene". Cov ntaub ntawv kev tshaj lij qhia tau hais tias ethylene, ua ib qho "hormone ripening" rau cov nroj tsuag, tuaj yeem ua kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub tom qab ripening thiab softening sai dua. 1-MCP tuaj yeem khi rau ethylene receptors ua ntej thiab thaiv cov chaw ntev, txwv tsis pub cov txheej txheem ripening los ntawm qhov chaw, uas tuaj yeem ntev lub neej txee ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub los ntawm 50% txog 200%.

Qhov tseem ceeb dua yog nws cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb: qhov mob hnyav ntawm qhov ncauj thiab daim tawv nqaij LD50 yog ntau dua 5000mg / kg, ua tau raws li tus qauv kev faib tawm "tsis muaj tshuaj lom". Tus nqi ADI (kev noj txhua hnub) yog 0.0009mg / kg ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev. 1-Methylcyclopropene tau pom zoo rau kev siv hauv ntau dua 30 lub tebchaws suav nrog Tuam Tshoj, Tebchaws Meskas thiab Tebchaws Europe. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov seem ntawm 1-MCP hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub yog qis heev thiab nws yooj yim lwj. Thaum siv ib txwm, nws tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.

Unilong yog ib tus kws tshaj lijCov neeg muag khoom 1-methylcyclopropene. Qhov huv ntawm 1-mcp hmoov uas peb tsim tawm tuaj yeem ncav cuag 3.7%. Nws paub zoo tias tus qauv kev lag luam rau qhov huv ntawm 1-mcp yog 3.3%. Lub caij no, peb tuaj yeem muab cov koob tshuaj me me thiab cov pob me me ntawm 0.035%. 1-MCP yog cov roj molecule siv hauv cov txee loj lossis cov thawv txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tom qab ua tiav, nws yuav yaj tag thiab tsis muaj cov tshuaj seem ntawm cov khoom.​​​